Critical Appraisal 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Appraisal 1 - Research Paper Example The major study concepts include: sleep loss (deprivation or disruption) and cognitive-behavioral outcomes such as decreased sleep duration, increased daytime sleepiness, decreased alertness/drowsiness (vigilance) and increased accidents/errors (nurse & patients). Variable Identification and Definitions Independent Variable: Fatigue Countermeasures Program for Nurses (FCMPN) Conceptual Definition: â€Å"The 60-minute education component of the FCMPN included information about fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms: neurobehavioral and health effects associated with sleep loss or deprivation; and misconceptions about sleepiness. Strategies for managing alertness, minimizing fatigue, and maximizing sleep duration and quality were highlighted †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The program is discussed in detail in Scott et al. (2010, p. 252) article. Operational Definition: â€Å"The underlying concept of most fatigue countermeasures programs is that fatigue management is a joint responsibility of the emp loying institution and each employee. Comprehensive programs to manage fatigue in work setting usually include the following six elements: (a) education and training, (b) compliance with hours of service regulation, (c) appropriate scheduling practices, (d) countermeasures that can be instituted in the work setting, (e) design (ergonometric) and technology (fail-safe designs), and (f) research† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 252). ... 254). Sleep Quality Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but a likely definition is the weariness on waking and all through the day. Operational Definition: â€Å"Subjective quality of sleep was measured using the PSQI† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Daytime Sleepiness Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but indicates the tiredness in individuals due to lack of or disruptive sleep. Operational Definition: â€Å"The ESS (Johns, 1991) was used to evaluate the severity of daytime sleepiness† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Vigilance Conceptual Definition: â€Å"It is the inability to remain alert during and after work† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Operational Definition: â€Å"Measured by drowsiness and unplanned sleep episodes at work and while driving† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Risk for Accidents and Errors Conceptual Definition: â€Å"Number of incidents of motor vehicle crashes (MVC)† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 255) and  "mistakes involving medication administration, patient care procedures, and transcript issues† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 256). Operational Definition: â€Å"Accident or error data was calculated using data from the participants’ daily logbooks† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Short-Term Memory: Conceptual Definition: â€Å"Mistakes involving medication administration, patient care procedures, and transcript issues† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 256). Operational Definition: â€Å"Error description was calculated using data from the participants’ daily logbooks† (Scott et al., 2010, p. 253). Problem Solving and Coping Conceptual Definition: Not conceptually defined but a possible definition is the ability to intercept and discover errors. Operational Definition: â€Å"Error description was calculated using data

Chelsea Training Facility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chelsea Training Facility - Assignment Example In addition to these, the club's first team comprising of 27 players will also be playing here. Currently they practice in Harlington on all days except when they have a match. This has to be transferred to the new site once created, to Hazelwood. Chelsea football club proposes to convert the existing golf course in Hazelwood borough into a football training academy. The academy will be the training ground for the 27 first team players in the Chelsea club. In addition to these players, the academy will embark on training youth and children from the neighbourhood schools to build them up into professional footballers. The Chelsea Football Academy will have 12 senior and grass sided grass pitches with one floodlit pitch, one all weather floodlit pitch, ancillary training areas, parking place and required landscaping. An L shaped building will also be created out of the existing one. This will provide seating for 150 spectators on the top floor and also provide for quarters for two staff in the roof space. The first team, comprising of team players aged over 21 years will be using the pitches for their continuous training. There will be a reserve team of 12 players who are in the 19 and 21 years age group. The Academy will also train a youth team comprising of youth in the ages between 17 and 19 years. ... There will also be Saturday morning training in addition to week day training in the evenings on Tuesday and Thursday. This will number to approximately 120 boys. Once Hazelwood training starts, wards undergoing training in Harlington alone will be transferred to Hazelwood for training. On Sunday mornings, there are regular U9 to U16 matches. These are currently conducted at Cobham and this would continue even after starting training at Hazelwood. There are also the Ladies teams having about 60 senior players and 50 junior players. They train generally in the Feltham Community College and in the Raynes Park High School. Matches are normally played at the Sycob Football Club in Beaconsfield. At the time of making this proposal, the Ladies teams do not have any plans of using the Hazelwood club grounds for this purpose. Factors for the Proposal The following points are observed in favour of the proposal during the analysis of the document: 1. Chelsea FC needs an academy to train and continuously build professional footballers for it. This is line with the Football Association and Football League joint statement issued, reinforcing the idea of creating academies for every professional and Football league club. 2. The Football Academies would be special development centres that will have the best of the facilities and would have to meet very high standards in terms of facilities for both players and well as staff. The centres should be capable of producing students who are not just have technical capability but would be an all round professional. The academies shall have the best coaches and the support of other professionals, viz., physiotherapists, doctors and teachers. 3. These academies shall cater to the